Synthesis of carbonyl-terminated tetra(p-phenylene) for probing electron delocalization
The carbonyl terminated tetra(p-phenylene)s show promising characteristics for use in electronics and solar cells. This is because they possess great thermal and electrochemical stability amongst other vital characteristics required for use in organic solar cells (OSCs). Despite this, their usage in probing electrons in OSCs has not been fully explored. In this research, we expect that this reporter carbonyl group would provide us with a better understanding of the nature and behaviors of electrons within them as they are more commonly used in the building blocks of OSCs as opposed to the nitrile group. The series of ladders present in this molecule allows for an uninterrupted series of chains connected by restrictive rings preventing rotation and disruption of the conjugated molecules. Thus, providing greater optical properties needed for efficient functioning of the cells. The presence of the alkyl side chains in this conjugated molecule also helps to improve its solubility. The synthesis will be done using Suzuki cross-coupling, bromination, and carbonylation. Furthermore, time-resolved infrared detection combined with pulse radiolysis will be used to probe electron delocalization.