Do snowmelt driven differences in stream discharge control surfacewater - groundwater interaction in an alpine stream?

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Jose Montoya, UNM Kenneth Swift Bird, Colorado School of Mines Rorisang Kgoadi, LSU Kamini Singha, Colorado School of Mines

In every river there is a zone of interaction with the subsurface known as the hyporheic zone. The hyporheic zone mediates surfacewater - groundwater exchange and these interactions are critical for nutrient processing, biodiversity, redox reactions, and recharge. We explore how hyporheic exchange is controlled by snowmelt runoff in alpine streams in Crested Butte, CO and Silverton, CO during the 2023 record year of snowmelt and discharge in the Colorado Rocky Mountains. We hypothesize that a there is a 'Goldilocks zone' where there is the most hyporheic exchange with moderate discharge, and that at rates too high or too low that exchange will decrease, which is supported by the definition of the Damkohler number. To test this hypothesis, we conducted in-stream salt tracer tests and analyzed their breakthrough curves using temporal moments and transient storage modeling (OTIS). We compare our results to tests conducted under varying flow conditions in 2022. We expect to find that medium flow (0.09cms in July) has the most hyporheic exchange compared to tests at other times of season (0.54cms in June and 0.04cms in August).