Assessing Price Elasticity and Consumer Behavior in U.S. Residential Electricity Consumption: A Comparison of Monthly and Annual Data with Recession Implications

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Jamal Mamkhezri, New Mexico State University

The price elasticity of electricity in the U.S. has been quantified through various methods, utilizing either annual or monthly data. Earlier literature primarily employed annual data, overlooking the detailed insights that monthly data can provide regarding how price changes affect demand. Additionally, previous studies have neglected the simple approach of directly asking consumers about their sensitivity to their electricity bill. Moreover, despite extensive research in this area, there is a gap in understanding how economic shocks, such as recessions, impact consumers' electricity consumption. It is well-established that it takes time for an economy to fully recover after a recession, implying that consumer behavior may continue to adjust for months following the economic downturn. To address these gaps, we conducted a nationwide representative survey involving 2,500 electricity consumers in the U.S. This survey aimed to gain perspectives on how consumers perceive the price elasticity of electricity consumption, their sensitivity to changes in their electricity bill, and how frequently they monitor their billing statements. Employing a conditional logit modeling approach, our findings reveal that consumers exhibit greater elasticity towards monthly electric bills compared to annual ones. Additionally, we conducted a panel analysis using instrumental variable estimation with both monthly and annual consumption data in the U.S. We compared the results across different data frequencies while controlling for recession months experienced since 2001. Currently, we are in the process of analyzing the results from this model, which will shed further light on the intricate relationship between electricity consumption, pricing elasticity, and economic fluctuations.